T91 elu mgbali ígwè ọkpọkọ mma nkwa
T91 ígwè bụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke martensitic okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ụlọ nyocha nke American National elephant ridge Laboratory na Metallurgical Materials Laboratory nke American combustion engineering ụlọ ọrụ. Na ndabere nke ígwè 9Cr1MoV, ọ na-ebelata ọdịnaya carbon, na-amachikwa ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ na phosphorus, ma na-agbakwụnye obere vanadium na niobium maka alloying.
Ọkwa ígwè nke T91 enweghị nkebi nchara anwụrụ kwekọrọ na T91 ígwè bụ x10crmovnnb91 na Germany, hcm95 na Japan na tuz10cdvnb0901 na France.
Ihe ọdịnaya
S ≤0.01
Si 0.20-0.50
Kr 8.00-9.50
Mo 0.85-1.05
V 0.18-0.25
Nb 0.06-0.10
N 0.03-0.07
Nke ≤0.40
Ihe ọ bụla alloy element na T91 Steel na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwọta siri ike na-ewusi ike, na-agbasawanye ike ma na-eme ka nguzogide oxidation na nguzogide corrosion nke ígwè. Nyocha a kapịrị ọnụ bụ nke a.
①Carbon bụ ihe kacha pụta ìhè nke ike ngwọta siri ike na ígwè. Site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya carbon, ike dị mkpụmkpụ nke ígwè na-abawanye na plasticity na ike na-ebelata. Maka nchara martensitic dị ka T91, mmụba nke ọdịnaya carbon ga-eme ka spheroidization na nchịkọta nke carbide dịkwuo ngwa, mee ngwa ngwa nkesagharị nke ihe alloy ma belata weldability, nguzogide corrosion na nguzogide oxidation nke ígwè. Ya mere, ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na-achọkarị ibelata ọdịnaya carbon, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya carbon dị oke ala, ike nke ígwè ga-ebelata. E jiri ya tụnyere ígwè 12Cr1MoV, carbon ọdịnaya nke T91 ígwè na-ebelata site 20%, nke a na-ekpebi n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-atụle mmetụta nke n'elu ihe.
②T91 ígwè nwere trace nitrogen, na ọrụ nke nitrogen na-egosipụta n'akụkụ abụọ. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ike ngwọta siri ike. Solubility nke nitrogen na ígwè na ụlọ okpomọkụ dị ntakịrị. Na usoro nke ịgbado ọkụ kpo oku na post weld okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, VN siri ike ngwọta na ọdịda usoro ga-eme nke ọma na post weld okpomọkụ emetụta mpaghara nke T91 Steel: austenitic Ọdịdị kpụrụ na okpomọkụ emetụta mpaghara n'oge ịgbado ọkụ kpo oku na-abawanye na nitrogen ọdịnaya n'ihi mgbasa nke VN, na mgbe ahụ ogo nke supersaturation na nkịtị okpomọkụ Ọdịdị na-abawanye, Na ụdi post weld okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, e nwere ezi VN ọdịda, nke enwekwu microstructure kwụsie ike na mma na-adịgide adịgide ike nke okpomọkụ emetụtara mpaghara. N'aka nke ọzọ, ígwè T91 nwekwara obere ego nke A1. Nitrogen nwere ike iji ya mepụta A1N. A1N na-etisasịwo n'ime matriks naanị mgbe ọ bụ n'elu 1100 ℃ na precipitates ọzọ na a ala okpomọkụ, nke nwere ike na-egwu ezi mgbasa ike mmetụta.
③Ịgbakwunye chromium bụ tumadi iji melite nguzogide oxidation na nguzogide corrosion nke ígwè na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. Mgbe ọdịnaya chromium erughị 5%, ọ na-amalite oxidize n'ike na 600 ℃, mgbe ọdịnaya chromium ruru 5%, ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide oxidation. 12Cr1MoV ígwè nwere ezigbo ọxịdashọn eguzogide n'okpuru 580 ℃, na corrosion omimi bụ 0.05 mm / A. na 600 ℃, arụmọrụ amalite njọ, na corrosion omimi bụ 0.13 mm / A. The chromium ọdịnaya nke T91 nwere ike mụbara banyere banyere. 9% na okpomọkụ ọrụ nwere ike iru 650 ℃. Isi ihe bụ igbari chromium karịa na matriks.
④Vanadium na niobium bụ ihe ndị na-emepụta carbide siri ike. Na mgbakwunye, ha nwere ike ịmepụta carbides alloy dị mma ma kwụsie ike na carbon, nke nwere mmetụta na-agbasawanye ike.
⑤ A na-agbakwunye Molybdenum iji meziwanye ike ọkụ nke ígwè ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ike ngwọta siri ike.
Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ikpeazụ nke T91 bụ normalizing + okpomọkụ dị elu. The normalizing okpomọkụ bụ 1040 ℃, njide oge bụ ihe na-erughị 10 min, tempering okpomọkụ bụ 730 ~ 780 ℃, na njide oge bụ ihe na-erughị 1 h. The microstructure mgbe ikpeazụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ bụ tempered martensite.
Tensile ike nke T91 ígwè na ụlọ okpomọkụ ≥ 585 MPa, na-enye ike na ụlọ okpomọkụ ≥ 415 MPa, hardness ≤ 250 Hb, elongation (ọkọlọtọ okirikiri sample na 50 mm nlele anya) ≥ 20%, ikike nrụgide uru [σ] 650 ℃ 30 MPa.
Dị ka usoro ihe nhata carbon nke otu mba ụwa na-agbado ọkụ na-atụ aro, carbon dakọtara T91 bụ.
Enwere ike ịhụ na T91 enweghị weldability na-adịghị mma.
T91 ígwè nwere nnukwu ọchịchọ nke mgbawa oyi na ọ na-adịkarị mfe ịgbawa oge n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Ya mere, nkwonkwo welded ga-ewe iwe n'ime awa 24 mgbe ịgbado ọkụ gasịrị. The microstructure nke T91 mgbe ịgbado ọkụ bụ efere na warara martensite, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe n'ime tempered martensite mgbe tempering, na ihe onwunwe ya dị elu karịa efere na warara martensite. Mgbe okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ dị ala, mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ adịghị anya, na ígwè weld na-adị mfe ịka nká na embrittlement; Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu nke ukwuu (karịa ahịrị AC1), nkwonkwo ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye ya ọzọ ma mee ka obi sie ya ike ọzọ na usoro jụrụ oyi na-esote. N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka e kwuru na mbụ na akwụkwọ a, mmetụta nke nkwonkwo nro oyi akwa kwesịrị ịtụle na mkpebi nke tempering okpomọkụ. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, tempering okpomọkụ nke T91 bụ 730 ~ 780 ℃.
Oge okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe niile nke T91 mgbe ịgbado ọkụ ga-abụ ihe na-erughị 1 h, iji hụ na mgbanwe zuru oke nke nhazi ya n'ime martensite.
Iji belata nrụgide fọdụrụ nke T91 ígwè welded nkwonkwo, a ghaghị ịchịkwa ọnụego jụrụ oyi na-erughị 5 ℃ / min. Enwere ike igosi usoro ịgbado ọkụ nke igwe T91 na eserese 3.
Kpoo ọkụ 200 ~ 250 ℃; ② Welding, interlayer okpomọkụ 200 ~ 300 ℃; ③ jụrụ oyi mgbe ịgbado ọkụ, na ọsọ nke 80 ~ 100 ℃ / h; ④ 100 ~ 150 ℃ maka 1 h; ⑤ Na-ekpo ọkụ na 730 ~ 780 ℃ maka 1 h; ⑥ Jụụ na ọnụego agaghị agafe ℃ / min.
T91 Steel na-adabere na ụkpụrụ nke alloying, karịsịa na-agbakwunye ntakịrị ihe ndị dị ka niobium na vanadium. A na-emeziwanye ike okpomọkụ ya dị elu na nguzogide oxidation ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè 12 cr1mov, mana ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ ya adịghị mma.
Nnwale ntụtụ na-egosi na igwe T91 nwere nnukwu ọdịdị nke mgbawa oyi. Ịhọrọ preheating 200 ~ 250 ℃ na interlayer okpomọkụ 200 ~ 300 ℃ nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè gbochie oyi mgbawa.
T91 ga-mma ka 100 ~ 150 ℃ maka 1 h tupu weld okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ; Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ 730 ~ 780 ℃, na-ejide oge ọ bụghị ihe na-erughị 1 h.
E tinyela usoro ịgbado ọkụ dị n'elu n'ọrụ nrụpụta na mmepụta nke igwe ọkụ ọkụ 200 MW na 300 MW, yana nsonaazụ na-eju afọ yana nnukwu uru akụ na ụba.
